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Civil 1 Review Syllabus

 Now they are lumped together as ‘illegitimate. ’ Thus, misleading kids are given rights. 2. Various answers for old issues †¢ Example: Change in waterway course 3. Explanation of old arrangements †¢ Example: Under the old Civil Code, there were just void and voidable agreements. With the expansion of unenforceable and rescissible agreements, the NCC gives explanation 4. Certain subjects overlooked †¢ Examples: The share has been precluded; certain leases have likewise been discarded. The NCC is a long way from great. There are basic defects.Certain things which ought to be in the fundamental segment are found somewhere else. A case of this is the indecencies of assent. For what reason would they say they are found in contracts? They are pertinent in every single juridical exchange. Another model is the subject of degrees of relationship. This is discovered distinctly in progression. Degrees of relationship are significant in different books as well. At last, for what reason is custom found in the law on deals? Convention isn't just significant in deals. Or maybe, custom is a method of getting possession. Starter TITLE I. Impact and Application of Laws Art. 1.This Act will be known as the â€Å"Civil Code of the Philippines. † Art. 2. Laws will produce results following fifteen days following the fulfillment of their distribution in the Official Gazette, except if it is in any case given. This Code will produce results one year after such distribution. †¢ ‘This code will produce results 1 year after such distribution. ’ The SC on account of Lara versus Del Rosario that the one year ought to be tallied from the date of real discharge and not the date of issue. †¢ Executive Order No. 200 supplants Article 2 with respect to the hour of effectivity of laws. Official ORDER NO. 00 PROVIDING FOR THE PUBLICATION OF LAWS EITHER IN THE OFFICIAL GAZETTE OR IN A NEWSPAPER OF GENERAL CIRCULATION IN THE PHILIPPINES AS A REQUIREMENT FOR THEIR EFFECTIVITY WHEREAS, Article 2 of the Civil Code somewhat gives that â€Å"laws will produce results following fifteen days following the fulfillment of their distribution in the Official Gazette, except if it is in any case given . . . †; WHEREAS, the prerequisite that for laws to be successful just a distribution thereof in the Official Gazette will do the trick has involved a few issues, a point perceived by the Supreme Court in Tanada, et al. versus Tuvera, et al. (G. R. No. 3915, December 29, 1986) when it saw that â€Å"[t]here is a lot to be said of the view that the distribution need not be made in the Official Gazette, considering its whimsical discharge and restricted readership†; WHEREAS, it was in like manner saw that â€Å"[u]ndoubtedly, papers of general course could more readily play out the capacity of imparting the laws to the individuals as such periodicals are all the more effectively accessible, have a more extensive read ership, and come out regularly†; and WHEREAS, taking into account the previous premises Article 2 of the Civil Code ought to likewise be revised so the laws to be powerful should be distributed either in the Official Gazette or in a paper of general flow in the nation; NOW, THEREFORE, I, CORAZON C. AQUINO, President of the Philippines, by temperance of the forces vested in me by the Constitution, do thusly arrange: Sec. 1.Laws will produce results following fifteen days following the finishing of their distribution either in the Official Gazette or in a paper of general flow in the Philippines, except if it is in any case given. Sec. 2. Article 2 of Republic Act No. 386, also called the â€Å"Civil Code of the Philippines,† and every single other law conflicting with this Executive Order are thusly revoked or adjusted in like manner. Sec. 3. This Executive Order will produce results following its distribution in the Official Gazette. Done in the City of Manila, this eig hteenth day of June, in the time of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and eighty-seven. †¢ ‘15 days following’ †does this mean on the fifteenth or sixteenth day? The law isn't clear. †¢ Under Article 2, distribution in the Official Gazette was necessary.Now, under E. O. No. 200, distribution may either be in the Official Gazette or a paper of general distribution. †¢ ‘unless in any case provided’ alludes to when the law will produce results. It doesn't imply that distribution can be shed. Something else, that would be an infringement of fair treatment. †¢ General Rule: Laws must be distributed in either the Official Gazette or a paper of general dissemination. †¢ Exception: The law may accommodate another way of distribution. Diverse way meaning: 1. Not in Official Gazette or paper of general flow; or Example: Read over the TV or the radio (given that the option is sensible) 2.Change in the time of effectivity †¢ ‘publicati on’ implies making it known; dispersal. It doesn’t must be recorded as a hard copy. †¢ ‘Change time of effectivity’ †the hole among distribution and effectivity ought to be sensible considering the present situation. †¢ Before distribution, can't have any significant bearing the law whether reformatory or common (Pesigan versus Angeles) Why? How might you be bound on the off chance that you don’t know the law. †¢ Requirement of distribution applies to all laws and is obligatory. Craftsmanship. 3. Numbness of the law pardons nobody from consistence therewith. †¢ Ignorantia legis neminem excusat (Ignorance of the law pardons nobody). †¢ This is a fundamental guideline for all acculturated society.Otherwise it is difficult to authorize the law. It is extremely difficult to decide if an individual truly doesn't have a clue about the law. Without this standard, there would be disorder. The law penances infrequent cruelty to forestall all inclusive political agitation. †¢ There are potential strategies to relieve the seriousness of Article 3 †Articles 526 (3), 2155, 1334. * †¢ In Kasilag versus Rodriguez, the SC said that the ownership of the antichretic credit as ownership in accordance with some basic honesty since a troublesome inquiry of law was included †antichresis. For this situation, the gatherings were not entirely proficient of the law. †¢ Article 3 applies just to obliviousness of Philippine law. It doesn't have any significant bearing to remote law.In Private International Law, outside law must be demonstrated regardless of whether it is material. Something else, the courts will assume the remote law to be equivalent to Philippine law. Workmanship. 4. Laws will have no retroactive impact, except if the opposite is given. †¢ Lex de futuro judex de preterito (The law accommodates the future, the appointed authority for the past). †¢ Retroactive law †one which makes another commitment and forces another obligation or joins another handicap regarding exchanges or contemplations effectively past. †¢ General Rule: Law must be applied tentatively. †¢ Exceptions: 1. In the event that the rule accommodates retroactivity. Special case to the exemption: a. Ex post facto laws b. Laws which disable the commitment of agreements 2.Penal laws to the extent that it favors the charged who is certainly not an ongoing crook, despite the fact that at the hour of the institution of such law last sentence has just been rendered. 3. Healing laws as long as it doesn't influence or change vested rights. 4. At the point when the law makes new considerable rights except if vested rights are debilitated. 5. Therapeudic laws (the reason for existing is to fix deformities or defects in legal or managerial procedures) 6. Interpretative laws 7. Laws which are of crisis nature or are approved by police power (Santos versus Alvarez; PNB versus Office of the President) Art. 5. Acts executed against the arrangements of obligatory or prohibitory laws will be void, aside from when the law itself approves their legitimacy. †¢ An obligatory law is one which endorses some component as a necessity (I. e. wills must be composed †Article 804(; type of gifts †Article 749†¢) †¢ A prohibitory law is one which precludes something (I. e. , joint wills †Article 818() †¢ General Rule: Acts which are in opposition to obligatory or denied laws are void. †¢ Exceptions: 1. At the point when the law itself approved its legitimacy (I. e. , lotto, sweepstakes) 2. At the point when the law makes the demonstration just voidable and not void (I. e. , if assent is vitiated, the agreement is voidable and not void) 3. At the point when the law makes the demonstration substantial however rebuffs the violator (I. e. , if the marriage is commended by somebody without legitimate position however the gatherings are in accordan ce with some basic honesty, the marriage is substantial yet the individual who wedded the gatherings is at risk) 4.When the law makes the demonstration void yet perceives lawful impacts streaming hence (I. e. , Articles 1412 and 1413() Art. 6. Rights might be deferred, except if the waiver is in opposition to law, open request, open strategy, ethics, or great traditions, or biased to a third individual with a privilege perceived by law. †¢ What one can defer are rights and not commitments. Model, a leaser can forgo the credit however the indebted person may not. †¢ There is no structure required for a waiver since a waiver is discretionary. You can forgo by minor inaction, declining to gather an obligation for instance is a type of waiver. †¢ Requisites of a substantial waiver (Herrera versus Boromeo) 1. Presence of a correct 2. Information on the presence of the privilege 3.An expectation to surrender the right (inferred in this is the ability to discard the right) à ¢â‚¬ ¢ General Rule: Rights can be deferred. †¢ Exceptions: 1. In the event that waiver is in opposition to law, open request, open strategy, ethics or great traditions 2. In the event that the waiver would be biased to an outsider with a privilege perceived by law. (e. g. , If An owes B P10M, B can’t postpone the credit if B owes C and B has no different resources. ) †¢ Examples of waivers which are disallowed: 1. Renouncement of future legacy 2. Waiver of the security of pactum commissorium 3. Waiver of future help 4. Waiver of work benefits ahead of time 5. Waiver of the lowest pay permitted by law 6. Waiver of the option to disavow a will Art. 7.Laws a

?oncept Essay on Love Sample

?oncept Essay on Love Sample When you ask yourself or somebody else what love is, the answer will be usually different as the explanation depends on our personal perception and understanding of love. Any love is associated with positive feelings. It is definitely opposite to such notions like hate and anger, which carry destruction and accumulation of negative feelings. As a rule, people speak about love and describe it from the standpoint of personal experience. As the proverb says: many men, many minds. However, it has been always depicted as some special feeling. It should be noted that there various kind of love. For example, love between sister and brother or love between mother and son will differ from love between a man and a woman. There is also love that is a higher feeling than just a physical passion. We are human beings. We should not forget about it. This factor makes us special and unique. We all feel and express love in our own manner. It is something that we cannot live without. Love penetrates all our life and makes it fantastic. It fills it with happiness and joy. It brings a lot of excitement. Maybe sometimes love can be a bit sad and disappointing, especially when you need to part. We should understand that love between people can’t last forever. When you take something you usually have to give something back. When you run out of feelings, you part with your partner. From the viewpoint of psychology, there are the five love languages. They all differ by our actions, words, physical and emotional feelings. Nevertheless, the most important thing here is that when you love, you are happy and want to spend more time with the loved person. Today, we can find a lot of hot discussions about love on many topics. Just think about them. God and love: what is common between them? How to transform your hate into love? Can love exist without sex? Is it possible to fall in love at the first sight? Is there anything in common between love and a habit? Have to fall in love and not to climb the walls? Is it possible to love at 80? Is there eternal love and what kind of love is it? Today people can’t live without feelings and love. They discuss topics related to love every day. They will probably do it even in 100 years. Who knows maybe there will be love between robots? Time will tell. Love is everywhere and it has always been. There are many songs about this paramount feeling. There are a lot of books, poems, films, pictures devoted to love. Moreover, long telephone talks, letters, and dating are things that are associated with love. Interpersonal affection influences the kind of love as we can love our parents, husband, wife, friends, relatives, teacher, grandma, cat, flower and so on. The list is really very comprehensive as our human nature awarded us with such a wonderful ability to love and appreciate other people and things.

Common Seal - Phoca vitulina - The Animal Encyclopedia

The common seal (Phoca vitulina), also known as the harbor seal, is an agile carnivore with a streamlined body and flipper-like limbs that enable them to swim with great skill. Common seals have a thick coat of short hair. Their fur color varies from off white, to gray, to tan or brown. Common seals have a unique pattern of spots across their body and in some individuals this pattern is more distinct than in others. Their nostrils are V-shaped and can be closed tightly to prevent water from entering their nose when they swim. Common seals do not have an outer ear structure, which helps with streamlining in the water. Common seals occupy the widest range of all the seal species. They inhabit the coastal areas of the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean. They can be found throughout the arctic, subarctic, and temperate regions. Their habitat preference includes coastal islands, beaches, and sand bars. There are between 300,000 and 500,000 common seals living in the wild. Seal hunting once threatened the species but is now illegal in most countries. Some populations of common seals are threatened, even though the species as a whole is not. For example, populations that are declining include those of Greenland, the Baltic Sea, and Japan. Killing by humans still poses a threat in these areas, as does disease. Some common seals are killed intentionally to protect fish stocks or by commercial hunters. Other common seals are killed as bycatch by fishing activities. Common seals are protected by various countries by legislation such as the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (in the United States) and the Conservation of Seals Act of 1970 (in the United Kingdom). Common seals feed on a variety of fish as prey including cod, whitefish, anchoview, and sea bass. They also sometimes eat crustaceans (shrimps, crab) and mollusks. They feed while at sea and sometimes forage long distances or dive to considerable depths to find food. After foraging, they return to resting sites on the coast or on islands where they rest and recover. There are about 25,000 Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richarii) that live along the California coast. Members of this population remain close to shore where they feed in the intertidal zone. On the east coast, Western Atlantic harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) are present on the coast and islands of New England. They spend the winter further north along the coast of Canada and migrate south to the New England area to breed. Breeding occurs in May through June. Size and Weight About 6.5 feet long and up to 370 pounds. Males are generally larger than females. Classification Common seals are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Chordates Vertebrates Mammals Pinnipeds Phocidae Phoca Phoca vitulina Common seals are divided into the following subspecies: Eastern Atlantic harbor seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina) - Eastern Atlantic harbor seals are found along the coastlines of Europe.Insular seal (Phoca vitulina stejnegeri) - Insular seals are found in eastern Asia.Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richarii) - Pacific harbor seals are found along the coastlines of western North America.Ungava seal (Phoca vitulina mellonae) - Ungava seals are freshwater seals that inhabit eastern Canada.Western Atlantic harbor seal (Phoca vitulina concolor) - Western Atlantic harbor seals are found along the east coast of North America.

A Career as a Navy Physician - 874 Words

Out of many jobs being a Naval Physician is one of the most rewarding! This job allows extensively trained medics to help our soldiers and those less fortunate at home and abroad. I have chosen this topic because it is what interests me as a future career. A physician is defined as a person qualified to practice medicine which I realize is a very broad definition, but it’s history is very rich. The practice of being a physician can be traced back to ancient civilizations. The first recorded physician was Hippocrates of Ancient Greek who lived two thousand and five hundred years ago, but some of his methods still affect modern practices. Later, other great civilizations followed suit in developing medical theories from diagnosis to†¦show more content†¦Members may also work in the highly acclaimed National Navy Medical Centers within the United States to stay close to home. Among the on land facilities Navy physicians may be sent to work on one of two dedicated hospita l ships the USNS Comfort or the USNS Mercy. At times this career will be stressful, there will be much interaction with others, and may be dangerous but the end result is very rewarding. Navy physicians will work with the most advanced and recent tools and techniques in medicine to allow much safer conditions for you and the patients. In summary a Navy physicians work environment is pretty safe, low on stress, and very rewarding. (Navy Doctor: Move Your Medical Career beyond Routine Physician.) As a military doctor you have a few but important tasks to follow. These doctors must provide top of the line medical care to sailors, marines, service members, their families, and if called upon humanity at large. Other than that you will do what a regular physician does and simply diagnose ailments, treat injuries, and occasionally save lives. Out of routine Navy doctors will work side-by-side on disaster relief efforts with FEMA, USAID, and Project Hope by providing medical care to those people in need. (Navy Doctor: Move Your Medical Career beyondShow MoreRelatedWhat Do I See Myself Doing When I Get Out Of College?1221 Words   |  5 Pagesget out of college? After college there are five careers I think I would enjoy doing for the rest of my life. The careers I see myself enjoying is a pediatrician, athletic trainer, high school or college basketball coach, ESPN sports analyst or joining the Navy. The following paragraphs will explain the educational requirements, best college to attend, how many years of schooling, the salary and benefits of each career. Enjoy my paper. 1st career I will talk about is a Pediatrician. I would likeRead MoreWhat Do I See Myself Doing When I Get Out Of College?1314 Words   |  6 Pagesout of college? After college there are five careers I think I would enjoy doing for the rest of my life. The careers I see myself enjoying is a pediatrician, athletic trainer, high school or college basketball coach, ESPN sports analyst or joining the Navy. The following paragraphs will explain the educational requirements, best college to attend, how many years of schooling, the salary and benefits of each career. Enjoy my paper. The first career I will talk about is a Pediatrician. I wouldRead MoreMy Journey Through Academia Is Not Easy992 Words   |  4 Pagesultimately becoming an attending physician. I first enrolled in college in 1999 and failed miserably. Because of poor decision-making I earned a 0.98 GPA after 58 credit hours. After that I was academically suspended from the university, left with minimal options to improve my life, and I nearly fell victim to the statistics of my neighborhood where many do not make it out. After about seven years of working I decided to enlist in the United States Navy and joining the Navy profoundly changed my lifeRead MoreThe Career Of A Naval Nurse1344 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Navy. Every time she went to him he always told her a new adventure he and the boys (the crew) would go on. He was her inspiration to want to join the navy, but her hero is the real reason for her to want to be a nurse. The career of a Naval Nurse is a lifelong worth of experiences ,d o to the people we help around the world, different places we travel, and serving our country. This research will describe the career of a Naval Nurse, what is required to become a successful in this career fieldRead More Carl Brashear Essay1362 Words   |  6 Pagesabout what kind of man Carl Brashear is. The Navys first African-American Master Diver, Brashear faced difficulties that would have defeated most people. 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I based all of my questions in this interviewRead MoreEssay I Want to Be Physician Assistant1175 Words   |  5 Pagescommitting oneself to. When on the brink of choosing a career, it is important to open oneself to endless career options but at the end choose the one fittest in terms of interest, time, money and service to humanity. One vocation that may have it all is that of a physician assistant. A physician assistant provides primary health care services under a physicians supervision. (Expand this a little more; add a definition sentence or two) A physician assistant is a laborious occupation that, despite itsRead MoreCase Study : The Legend And Devil Of Ramadi 903 Words   |  4 PagesClient: Christopher (â€Å"Chris†) Scott Kyle Nickname(s): â€Å"The Legend† and â€Å"Devil of Ramadi† Date of Birth: April 8, 1974 Location: Odessa Texas, United States of America Military: Yes Service/Branch: United States Navy Years of Service: 1999-2009 Rank: Chief Petty Officer Unit: U.S. Navy Seal Identifying Information/ Presenting Problem Chris is a 38 year old, heterosexual, masculine, Caucasian male. Chris has just recently returned home from Iraq after serving four tours. He claims to be havingRead MoreThe Pearl Harbor Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pageswent undetected to collect intelligence on the U.S. Naval fleet, and how their actions affected the U.S. Background Bernard Julius Otto Kuehn served as a midshipman in the German Navy during World War I and was a member of the German Navy’s secret police from 1928 through 1930. Kuehn also studied to become a physician after World War I. When the Nazi party took control in Germany, Dr. Kuehn became a minor official in the Nazi secret police, or Gestapo, and formed close ties with the head of theRead MoreMedical Assistant Narrative Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pagesgreat attitude, being able to understand the patient and physician; and also how to relate what the doctor has diagnose to the patient will help me become a great medical assistant. The next section will explain why conflict resolution is important in my career field. The last section will describe a conflict and how I resolved it; and also how I would change the way I handled it. The following communication skills are important in my career field. Having a great attitude is a plus as a medical assistant

Charitable Organization and British Way Free Essays

The article â€Å"The advert that beggars belief† by Alexander Chancellor is about beggars in India and Great Britain, they talk about how many beggars there are and what they are using their money on when they get some. Many people try to convince themselves that it’s a stupid idea to give beggars money because they use them quite often on many stupid things. Westminster Council making a campaign there says if you give beggars money you â€Å"actually’ are guilty in cause of theirs death. We will write a custom essay sample on Charitable Organization and British Way or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a bad campaign because they give a wakeup call to people and says it is a bad thing to give money to beggars and you should not do it, because you don’t know what they are going to use their money on and if you do It you can cause their deaths. They call you to stop giving them money. 2. Give an outline of the carious attitudes to charity as expressed In texts. The four texts show the different views of giving charity, there are many ways to donate money today, from when you give a coin to a beggar you see at the streets to end a text on your mobile phone to a charitable organization. The article â€Å"the advert that beggars belief’ has a negative attitude to beggars, In Britain they don’t want to give beggars money because they says It can cause their lives because they use the money on drugs or something like that. In the article â€Å"Charity never dies, It only sleeps† we hear about the British way of thinking to Improve our own and our families lives, It Is best also to Improve the lives of those around us. It Is a conservative way to think everyone has to be equal. In the article â€Å"the year of charltalnment† they talked about that there are so many charity organizations and you have to focus on one and that helps the famous people with, Angelina Jolle helps to focus on Sierra Leone. 3. Comment on the following statement â€Å"to Improve our own and our families’ lives, It Is best also to Improve the lives of those around us. † In the text â€Å"Charity never dies, It only sleeps† It Is the Brltlsh way of thinking: to Improve our own and our families’ lives, It Is best also to Improve the lives of those round us. It Is on way out of many to think that everyone has to be equal, there are many people there think of this, and many people think that you have to be selfish about this, and don’t give money to beggars. 4. Write a reply to the article The advert that beggars belief In the form of a letter to the edloter. Summary: Charitable Organization and British Way By Namer going to use their money on and if you do it you can cause their deaths. They call you 2. Give an outline of the carious attitudes to charity as expressed in texts. at beggars belief† has a negative attitude to beggars, in Britain they don’t want to give beggars money because they says it can cause their lives because they use the money on drugs or something like that. In the article â€Å"Charity never dies, it only sleeps† we hear about the British way of thinking to improve our own and our families lives, it is best also to improve the lives of those around us. It is a charitainment† they ta lked about that there are so many charity organizations and you have to focus on one and that helps the famous people with, Angelina Jolie helps . Comment on the following statement â€Å"to improve our own and our families’ lives, it is best also to improve the lives of those around us. † In the text â€Å"Charity never dies, it only sleeps† it is the British way of thinking: to improve our own and our families’ lives, it is best also to improve the lives of those around us. It is on way out of many to think that everyone has to be equal, there are 4. Write a reply to the article The advert that beggars belief in the form of a letter to the edioter. How to cite Charitable Organization and British Way, Papers

Purity and Purifications of Solids Using Melting Points. free essay sample

Purity and purifications of solids using melting points. Tatyana Aleksandrova CHE 337, Section 001 Department of Chemistry Portland State University, Portland, OR ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Abstract Melting points of Naphthalene/Biphenyl mixtures differing in their percent compositions were observed and plotted on a graph that indicated eutectic point of the mixture to be at 50 mole percent Naphthalene. Using melting point technique to identify mixture Unknown H was determined to be 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Introduction Melting point is a technique used by chemists to identify unknown substance. Compounds depending on their chemical structure have a specific melting point. Pure substance has a sharp melting point with the maximum range of 5? C. Mixtures on the other hand have wider range. Based on these concepts unknown mixtures/substances can be determined by combining them with the substance of the known melting point. Experimental Section Materials and Instruments: Melt Temp device used to electrically heat up substance to a known temperature. We will write a custom essay sample on Purity and Purifications of Solids Using Melting Points. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Glass capillary to hold substance in a Melt Temp while heating. Naphthalene Biphenyl Unknown H Naphthalene and Biphenyl melting point determination. Using procedure for melting point determination with Mel-Temp on p. 43-45 in FFF melting points of pure Naphthalene, pure Biphenyl and mixtures of the two were observed and recorded. Mixtures of Naphthalene and Biphenyl according to their mass percent used in experiment: 10% Naphthalene, 90% Biphenyl 30% Naphthalene, 40% Biphenyl 50% Naphthalene, 50% Biphenyl 70% Naphthalene, 30% Biphenyl 90% Naphthalene, 10% Biphenyl Values of melting points obtained in the observation were recorded in Table 1 and plotted into Graph 1. Identification of an Unknown using Mixture Melting Points. MP of unknown H was determined using procedure indicated on p. 43-45 in FFF. Two known samples with the closest to unknown H mps were determined. Two mixtures were prepared, each combining unknown with the known sample in 50/50 proportion. MP of each mixture was observed and recorded. Mixture that had sharp melting point was mixture that contained identical parts. Results and discussion Melting points for mixtures containing different percent of Naphthalene to Biphenyl were observed, recorded, averaged and graphed in Table 1 and Graph 1. Average was taken from several results obtained by organic chemistry lab. Table 1. Average melting point specific to % Naphthalene in Naphthalene-Biphenyl mixture % Naphthalene inNaphthalene-Biphenyl mixture (%)| Corresponding Melting point (Â °C )| 0| 68. 09| 10| 62. 36| 30| 53. 88| 50| 47. 74| 70| 50. 99| 90| 73. 55| 100| 78. 87| Mole Percent of Naphthalene Temperature (C) Graph 1. Melting Point Diagram for Naphthalene and Biphenyl. Observed melting points of pure Naphthalene and Biphenyl (in Table 1) are consistent with CRC Handbook1, that indicates melting temperatures for these substances at 80. 2Â °C and 71. 0 Â °C, respectively. Based on the graph above eutectic point lies at 50% mole percent Naphthalene. Class results were averaged, therefore one inaccurate result would effect the average point, this could be a potential source of error in the experiment. However, class average for MP of pure substances came close to values in CRC Handbook. Another Source of error is limited data points that were observed. Best fitted line illustrated in Table 1 can contain a source of error due to the insufficient number of data points. Using Melting point technique unknown H, was determined to have MP in the range from 73. 3 to 75. 4. Based on its melting point it was mixed with 3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and pure Biphenyl. Results are reported in Table 2. Substance tested| Melting Point ( Â °C )| Unknown H/3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde| 76. 1 78. 7| Unknown H/ pure Biphenyl| 55. 0 59. 6| Table 2. Melting points of mixtures containing unknown H in 50/50 proportion. Based on the fact that mixture with 3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde had relatively close range of (76. 1 Â °C 78. 1 Â °C) with 2. 5 Â °C difference in ending values, which can be considered as a sharp point, unknown H is 3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Conclusion Melting point is a technique used to identify pure substances by observing ranges of melting points as it was done in mixtures of Naphthalene and Biphenyl. Eutectic point, however, should be kept in my when testing for pure substances, for eutectic compositions can mislead results of the test if nothing else is considered. Biphenyl’s on this technique unknown H tested was determined to be 3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde based on its sharp MT. Questions: 1. a) Examples in which a pure substance could give a broad melting range: 5 mole percent of Naphthalene to 95 mole percent of Biphenyl (which is good percentage of purity) has a broad melting range. b) Example of a situation in which an impure substance melts sharply: Mixture of 60 mole percent of Naphthalene and 40 mole percent of Biphenyl. Mixture has eutectic composition. 2. Eutectic mixture – mixture in which proportions of its constituents allow a uniform melting point for that mixture. MP range is sharp, despite the fact that mixture is impure. 3. Effects of the impurities on melting behavior of benzoic acid: MP Benzoic Acid – 122 Â °C a. Fragments of crushed glass – MP of crashed glass is around 1500 Â °C, which is a lot higher than MP of B. A. Due to the big difference in melting points between substances, glass will stay insolvent. MP of B.. A. will not change, it will melt with pieces of glass in the substance. . Residual recrystallization solvent –mostly contains water, which would lower the melting point of B. A. c. Filter paper fibers – MP of B. A. will not change, due to large differences in Mps. Fibers will remain in the melted B. A. d. Particles of ceiling plaster that fell into the sample – MP of B. A. will not change due to difference in Mps. 4. FFF, 2. 8, p. 48: Suppose you are taking a MP and c ompound disappears.. What happened? Compound was a volatile compound that changes from solid to gaseous form without going through liquid form (sublimed). To prevent this one end of the capillary should be sealed. 5. Because compound is in clusters, it takes more heat to go through layers to heat up a compound. However, more heat doesn’t mean higher melting point. It has more substance to heat. 6. Even if two compounds have the same melting point, if they are not identical MT of their mixture will be depressed. Therefore, mixture that shows the same MT as an unknown would identification. References 1CRC Handbook, CRC Press: New York, 1999.

Debate against death penalty essays

Debate against death penalty essays The death penalty has always been a very controversial issue. Death sentences are usually handed out to people who have been found guilty of capital crime. However it is not so easy to consider death penalty as an easy way to punish the guilty. If the death penalty is to condemn it does not mean that the guilty party should be released or allowed some sympathy. It would defeat the purpose, as it would be using violence to counter violence. How can we tell if a man/woman convicted for murder is really guilty' There may be a margin of error. Would it be right to wrongfully accuse someone and execute him/her' We should look at the ethical downsides This has been a very serious problem for civil rights groups, religious figures and other people who oppose the death penalty. The death penalty has a lot of ethical and religious matters tied to it. There are many who support death penalty while others oppose it staunchly. The death penalty violates the constitutional right of a human being. It is more of a barbaric and cruel punishment against a living human being and can be classified as one of the worst acts of human nature. It defies all religious conventions, as it's not the right of the state to play God and decide who should live and who should be executed. When the law chooses its path it can be biased too as it may be too discriminatory. Civil rights unions have campaigned against the death penalty. The argument against the death penalty is that even though it's a punishment for a murder, it won't hurt to punish the murderer with a less harsh sentence. A death penalty would have been justifiable if it were able to prevent future crimes. However this has not been the case so far. The cruel irony is that the United States of America, which claims to the champion of democracy in the west, is the only nation, which indulges in this cruel and unusual There have been cases where the def...

Make Non-Toxic Glue From Milk

Make Non-Toxic Glue From Milk Use common kitchen materials to make your own glue. Add vinegar to milk, separate the curds, and add baking soda and water. Voila, youve got glue! Difficulty: AverageTime required: 15 minutes Materials 1/4 cup hot water1 tbsp vinegar2 tbsp powdered dry milk1/2 tsp baking sodaWater How to Make It Mix 1/4 cup hot tap water with 2 tbsp powdered milk. Stir until dissolved.Stir 1 tbsp of vinegar into the mixture. The milk will begin to separate into solid curds and watery whey. Continue stirring until the milk is well-separated.Pour the curds and whey into a coffee filter positioned over a cup. Slowly lift the filter, draining the whey. Keep the curd, which is in the filter.Squeeze the filter to remove as much liquid as possible from the curd. Discard the whey (i.e., pour it down a drain) and return the curd to a cup.Use a spoon to break the curd into small pieces.Add 1 tsp hot water and 1/8 to 1/4 tsp baking soda to the chopped curd. Some foaming may occur (carbon dioxide gas from the reaction of baking soda with vinegar).Mix thoroughly until the glue becomes smooth and more liquid. If the mixture is too thick, add a bit more water. If the glue is too lumpy, add more baking soda.The finished glue can vary in consistency from a thick liquid to a thick paste, depending on how much water has been added, how much curd was present, and how much baking soda was added. Use your glue as you would any school paste. Have fun!When not in use, cover your cup of glue with plastic wrap. Over time, its consistency will become smoother and more clear.Unrefrigerated glue will spoil after 24 to 48 hours. Discard the glue when it develops a spoiled milk smell. Tips for Success The separation of curds and whey works best when the milk is warm or hot. This  is why powdered milk is recommended for this project.If the separation doesnt work well, heat the milk or add a bit more vinegar. If it still doesnt work, start again with warmer water.Clean dried glue by loosening/dissolving it in warm water and wiping it away. Glue will wash out of clothes and off surfaces. Reaction Between Milk and Vinegar Mixing milk and vinegar (weak acetic acid) produces a chemical reaction that forms a polymer called casein. Casein is essentially a natural plastic. The casein molecule is long and pliable, which makes it perfect for forming a flexible bond between two surfaces. The casein curds may be molded and dried to form hard objects that are sometimes called milk pearls. When a small amount of baking soda is added to chopped curd, the baking soda (base) and residual vinegar (acid) participate in an acid-base chemical reaction to produce carbon dioxide, water, and sodium acetate. The carbon dioxide bubbles escape, while the sodium acetate solution combines with the casein curds to form a sticky glue. The thickness of the glue depends on the amount of water present, so it can be either a sticky paste (minimal water) or a thin glue (more water).

Ethical Aspects of Euthanasia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Aspects of Euthanasia - Research Paper Example Voluntary euthanasia takes place when death is hastened at the request of the patient. The ethical issues that arise are the respect for individual autonomy, as well as the obligation of the medical practitioners to respect patients’ informed choices. Euthanasia claims to relieve the patient of suffering. It is also argued that if a patient has the right to choose and make informed decision about his medical treatment, he also has the right to decide when to die (Chaloner, 2007). The opponents claim that this could have a damaging effect on the individual and the society. The opponents argue that palliative care should be improved but in terminal cases, no amount of medicine would make any difference. Moreover, the psychological need of the terminally ill patients to be relieved of the suffering should be of equal importance as the physiological needs. This is individual autonomy and an individual must have the freedom to do what he wants to and when he wants to do. John Stuar t’s Harm Principle also asserts that the individual has a right over his own body and mind. This principle restricts the power of physicians and others in the medical field to arrive at decisions about the patient when the decision affects none other than the patient himself. Autonomy again gives rise to certain apprehensions. For an individual to arrive at the decision, he should be competent enough to decide on a course of action. Is he in the right frame of mind? Secondly, if autonomy of the patient is respected, the autonomy of the medical professionals also needs to be respected. Hence, if the autonomy of the doctors is also respected the patient loses the right to receive assistance to die. Rights and duties are interwoven. Hence, it can also be interpreted that the health professionals have a duty to assist the terminally ill patients to die. Other arguments that abound are that a competent

Sub-Prime Mortgage Crisis and the East Asia Research Paper

Sub-Prime Mortgage Crisis and the East Asia - Research Paper Example The subprime mortgage crisis in the United State was more severe than the great depression because several assets and derivatives had been purchased and sold in the unstable market. Moreover, the subprime mortgage crisis had several liquidity risks compared with that of the exchange traded products. According to Justin and Boris (2011), commercial banks finance in the East Asia asks for the mortgages without considering the credit evaluation of the borrowers. Thus, the paper will evaluate the financial crisis issues that were triggered from the U.S sub-prime mortgage crisis, and affected the East Asian economy. The sub-prime mortgage crisis The sub-prime mortgage crisis was a result of the speculative issues in the housing market that commenced in the United State in 2006. It has caused severe impact across the East Asia countries in the form of financial crisis and the country’s credit crisis. Justin and Boris (2011) indicate that the forces caused by the sub-prime mortgage c risis will probably run out of control for years, causing the collateral damage. The disruption in the East Asia countries credit market is of historic proportions and will have significant economic impacts. Moreover, the crisis has caused essential societal changes that affect the consumer habits and the values. Justin and Boris (2011) indicate that the East Asia economy was affected where the GDP was recorded 4.2, 4.8, 5.7 and 1.9 per cent from 2005 to 2008. This led to the ever recorded a decrease in GDP in 2009 that amounted to -4.0 since 1980. Therefore, this crisis has significantly affected the Europe and Asian countries, and most of the Asian countries have rearranged their financial and banking industry. Delgado and Burge (2009) claim that the proximate cause of the sub-prime mortgage crisis was the busting of the housing issues in the East Asia during the summer of 2007 when subprime defaults commenced to rise and foreclosures increased. It then spread to prime loans and o ther types of consumer credit, and the financial institutions with the subprime related products were severely affected. The Asian countries were severely affected by the sub-prime mortgage crisis during the early stage of the crisis because the banks were not exposed to the dangerous assets that were engineered and crafted in the United State. According to Delgado and Burge (2009), the data gathered in the Economist and Financial Times, the $500 billion was written off by banks globally in the 2008. The financial institutions in Japan accounted for only five percent, and its sectors were relatively resilient. The global financial crisis has affected the China and Japan very strongly as they stand among the most opens in the world. Foreign capital inflows declined significantly as commercial banks and foreign institutional investors withdrew funds to meet redemptions in their countries. According to Delgado and Burge (2009), private capital flows in China slowed from $516.7 billion to 2007 to an estimated $134.4 billion in 2008. Table of the GDP of the East Asia countries 2007 2008 2009 China 11.9 9.7 8.5 Japan 2.1 0.5 -0.2 Korea 5.6 3 3.9 2.1 Modified from: IMF (2008a) According to Ghon (2008), the Banking leading declined that was as a result of the direct and indirect equities. During 2009, the capital flows were estimated to be only $44.1 billion, and in the beginning of 2008, stock markets declined by about 62 percent in China (Ghon, 2008). Thus, the Chinese stocks markets had been the worst performer in

Book Report on Wreck! :: essays research papers

First Entry – Suggestion Number 1 – Page 50 This fiction book is called â€Å"Wreck† and was written by Allan Bailie. The main characters are Ian Foster and Reene Thompson, they are two normal teenagers. Reene was told to baby-sit Ian while his parents are away. During this period a cyclone hits Albatross Beach and they barely survive it. Soon they seek shelter in a rusty old freighter on the beach. After, the cyclone erupts again and sets the boat out to sea. While on the boat they experience many strange happenings and realise they are not alone. Second Entry – Suggestion Number 6 – Page 80 I believe the writer was trying to keep suspense and did this by not giving any extra info and by putting in a few false alarms to keep you on your toes. The writer is also very descriptive which adds greats atmosphere and further suspense. I think the writer has a good imagination to be able to write in such a way. Another skill the author has is, he knows when and when not to be descriptive, that helps because a whole page description on something that has no relevance at all is not necessary Third Entry – Suggestion Number 5 – Page 100 Ian is shy and doesn’t seem very confident in the book; Ian explains it’s probably because of his dad who’s always putting him down because he can’t do something right. There isn’t mush about his interest in the book because the author keeps to the story line most of the time. Ian is afraid that he isn’t to his father’s expectations and that his father hates him. His experiences throughout the book make him a stronger person and I think he’s better for it. Reene also helps shape Ian into a better person. She is responsible, outspoken and strong-willed, Ian picks ups picks up a bit of it. Ian comes out to have a stronger mind, isn’t as reliant on others and isn’t afraid to voice his opinions. Fourth Entry – Suggestion Number 8 – Page 120 To me the ending wasn’t much of a surprise because they were on a boat with an unknown monster, they defeat the monster and are rescued which wasn’t much of an ending. This of course doesn’t mean the book is boring, just predictable. There are also many little things that happen along the way to keep this book interesting enough to keep reading.

Psychology-Decision Making Essay

Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How does it happen that managers take decisions which lead them to failures? What decision-making mechanisms do they inactivate when they take such decisions? This paper is aimed at analyzing these psychological implications. Psychology Decision Making   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Introduction  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is not rare that managers take decisions which lead them to failure. These failures often become the headlines and the top stories of newspapers and magazines. However, has anyone analyzed the psychological implications of such decisions? What psychological theories could explain such managers’ behavior, and what useful recommendations could be drawn from such cases?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Problem identification   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The case of Sears, when owned by Edward S. Lampert, is the most recent example of a large managerial mistake, having led to significant financial and economic losses. On January 29, 2008 Lampert pushed out his chief executive, but what is more important, he took decision to distance himself from the day-to-day management of his enterprise. â€Å"Until now, the heads of several major departments, like marketing and merchandising, reported directly to Mr. Lampert, even though he has no background in retailing or advertising† (Barbaro, 2008). It is crucial to understand, how Lampert came to the idea of day-to-day management of his enterprise, although he did not have enough professional skills for that    Theoretical background   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is stated, that â€Å"we are likely, social constructed individuals. Our experiences, our cultures, our social order, shape our motivations, our desires, and our beliefs about the world we encounter† (Plous, 1993). Our management decisions are shaped are also shaped under the impact of business environment and the objectives we expect to meet in our management activity. We tend to take decisions, which are primary based on our perception of the world around us (Connolly, 2000). One of the major problems in management decision making is in that a person can hardly be objective in taking decisions. The lack of objectivity leads to the situation, when we do not take into account multiple environmental factors, impacting our decisions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Evidently, there cannot be any better explanation to Lampert’s decision, that the self-perception theory. This theory deals with the human perceptions and the ways they incorporate their perceptions into their daily behavior (Plous, 1993). To be clear, Lampert’s expectations and beliefs into his managerial skills and the ability to cope with a large retail enterprise were not justified from the start. In this case, the major question to be answered was â€Å"what am I to do to make this enterprise profitable?† Trying to answer this question, and taking decisions in the discussed framework, Lampert has concluded that the best solution for the situation would be tying himself to the daily company’s activity. Moreover, it was not enough for him to stay ahead; he had to manage, but this decision lacked theoretical and practical foundations. This is how Lampert’s pseudo opinions impacted the overall performance of the company (Plous, 1993). Respondents are influenced by pseudo opinions when they do not know much about the issue or when they know nothing about it (Plous, 1993). In Lampert’s case, attribution heuristics has greatly contributed into the negative decision outcomes: Lampert was obviously justifying his behavior as situationally-produced. As a result, he has underestimated the lack of his managerial skills (Plous, 1993).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Critical thinking is the integral part of the decision making process. â€Å"Most international managers find it extremely challenging to evaluate a written or spoken commentary on a hot topic because both sides of the controversy seem to have good arguments† (Safi & Burrell, 2007). Has Lampert’s decision been caused by critical thinking approach? Definitely, it has: for a long period of time, Sears was criticized for lacking a management team with retail experience and for Lampert’s being a micromanager who hampered the business (Barbaro, 2008). As a result, Lampert was driven to the situation in which he had to admit his managerial mistakes due to the two facts: the external criticism, and the objective financial data confirming the $14 million financial losses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recommendations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The case of Edward S. Lampert is a brilliant example of a situation, in which successful manager has overestimated his skills and has not applied any critical thinking approach before the decision was made. As a result, numerous pseudo opinions and the lack of objective information have led to significant gaps in the company’s performance. In order to take a good decision, a manager must â€Å"understand, what result is desirable and the tools available to us for making good decisions† (Safi & Burrell, 2007). There are several recommendations for a manager in similar situations. First, it is crucial that the manager avoids pseudo opinions. In this aspect, the wording of the question to answer is very important. In order to create effective decisions, managers must be able to formulate the questions. Properly wording the issue crucially impacts the effectiveness of the chosen answers, and as a result, the managerial activities which lead or do not lead to business success. â€Å"Be honest with yourself about the agendas and motives. Are you really gathering information to help you make a smart choice, or are you just looking for evidence confirming your preconceived notions?† (Safi & Burrell, 2007). Not only objectivity and evaluation of one’s skills have led Sears to failure. It is also the inability to properly formulate the goals of such actions: what aims did Lampert have in his actions? Did he want to promote his enterprise profitability or himself as a successful manager? He had to answer those questions before he undertook any real actions which later almost pushed the company into the flow of negative consequences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In his decision to quit day-to-day management of Sears, Lampert has finally come to one of the crucial elements in the decision-making process: he was able to recall the key facts and decision-making variables. The list of these variables included financial indices and persistent criticism of Sears’ performance. As a result, Lampert was finally able to take the best decision possible in the problematic situation. However, it is still unclear whether hiring a new CEO was based on any objective grounds or would require thorough re-consideration in the nearest future. One may hope that this re-consideration will not be caused by a new management decision-making failure. References Barbaro, M. (2008). Sears’ chairman will take a step back. The New York Times. Retrieved February 1, 2008 from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/29/business/29sears.html?ref=business–qG4vaywTPkZypAw Connolly, T. (2000). Judgment and decision making: An interdisciplinary reader. Cambridge University Press. Plous, S. (1993). The Psychology of judgment and decision making. McGraw-Hill. Safi, A. & Burrell, D.N. (2007). Developing advanced decision-making skills in international leaders and managers. Vikalpa, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 1-8.   

The Salem Witch Trials Essay - 1292 Words

The Salem Witch Trials is one of many events in America that will always be remembered, but not in a good way. People look back and think of all the rather terrible things that occurred in the town of Salem. The Salem witch trials happened in 1692 through 1693 and was a series of people being accused of witchcraft. More than two hundred innocent people were accused with practicing witchcraft and 20 were wrongfully executed. Eventually the town of Salem said that the trials were a terrible mistake and regretted what they have done to all the people they wronged. The worst part is that everyone that was accused and pleaded innocent turned up to be guilty and wasn t able to prove themselves otherwise. The problem they had back then was that†¦show more content†¦Moving to America also allowed them to have freedom with religion because if the government questions their actions the government is accused with questioning the divine authority. As you may know puritans live for the church and christian beliefs. At this time puritans have extremely strict rules and moral codes that they have to follow. Anything that went against the code would be considered a sin and they would get punished. God s wrath was strongly believed and puritans would do anything to never experience it because to receive god s wrath you’ve done something unforgivable (Blumberg). Puritans also thought that Satan was also as real as God. If someone strayed from the puritan ways they would be on the path to Satan. This is why the witch scare was taken very seriously because others thought that they were consulting with Satan and had to be punished. According to the puritans being a witch was the ultimate sin anyone could ever commit, which would be punishable by death. There were many so called tests that would prove if someone was a witch or not. The most common way was eye witness testimonies which is where someone would tell the council that they saw someone practicing black magic. That would be enough for the accused to be arrested and tried for witchcraft even if they did no such thing. Another way was bound submersion which is where